How does the dramatic technique used in the play help the audience to understand the importance of Shirleys transformation Essay Example

How does the dramatic technique used in the play help the audience to understand the importance of Shirleys transformation Essay Shirley Bradshaw the main character in the play is a housewife in a working class environment. Unable to stand the monotonous lifestyle she is forced to live in she embarks on a journey to rediscover herself. She does this by going to Greece, searching for a new life and adventure. Willy Russell uses dramatic techniques to symbolise the importance of Shirleys transformation. He uses devices such as voiceovers, flashbacks, dramatic monologue and humour these help portray Shirleys opinions, beliefs and it also helps by finding her aspiration. By the end of the screen play the audience will see Shirley as a woman who has fulfilled her dreams and achievement as she no longer will be the depressed dutiful house wife.Similarly Willy Russell was born into a working class family like Shirley. He was born in Liverpool in the year 1974. He left school at the age of fifteen much like the character of Shirley, who also left school early because she had no hopes in her academic career. This may h ave been due to stereotypical views that came with living in Liverpool in the 1960s especially for working class people. Another reason can be that students from working class families were not encouraged to pursue their academic careers. Russell had an opportunity to learn about the lives of working class women during this period as it aided him in writing his plays; he knew what was happening in everyday life and what went on in the lives of working class women as well. Following this he did a variety of jobs, including stacking stockings in the warehouse; this is probably why he portrays the working class family simply as helpless victims. By the time he was twenty he wanted to become a poet and eventually went on to become a play write.Russell wrote the screenplay in 1989, the genre that Shirley Valentine belongs to is kitchen sink drama. Kitchen sink drama is straight-laced realism with a focus on working-class life, social problems and relationships. In the screenplay these pr oblems are emphasised in Shirleys life. Furthermore, Russell takes the idea of kitchen sink drama in the first scene because Shirleys peeling potatoes in the kitchen. Moreover, women are usually seen as victims because of their fragility and as they are women they are automatically associated with household chores, for they are the nurturing parent.In Shirley Valentine Russell has subverted a womans role as a protagonist emphasising the importance of women and conveying them as breadwinners instead of housewives. Russell uses a variety of dramatic techniques in the opening credits in order to establish Shirleys character and to engage the audience. He does this by the use of diegetic and non-dietetic sounds. In the title sequence use of diegetic sounds such as the background anthem, A girl who used to be me she could fly she was free implies Shirleys transformation, also the tone of the ballad is regretful and sad. The lyrics also evoke how Shirley was once free and independent and has now obviously changed.This also suggests that the protagonist was able to achieve more but wasnt encouraged enough in her early life. The use of editing and camera work portrays Shirleys dull lifestyle and the sequence of drawings showing Shirley doing varieties of domestic activities also conveys the tedious atmosphere. Her life is illustrated in a series of drawings, which indicate her unfulfilled dreams and wishes. The rear scene is very dreary and blue; this reinforces her monotonous life and her misery. The sketches then dissolve into a long shot of Shirley carrying shopping bags and walking along a dull and gloomy suburban street, further conveying her mundane life.As Shirley first enters her semi-detached house she is established in a mid shot, this immediately implies her working class status because of the setting, which is a claustrophobic house. As she walks inside the passage into the kitchen, putting her shopping on the table, she turns away to talk to the wall. Thi s first scene is set in the kitchen, which is hinting at the kitchen sink drama, as if she is trapped and the kitchen is her jail.Straight away she engages in a humorous dialogue with the wall, Hello wall. This dramatic monologue implies to the viewers that shes alone for her only company is the kitchen wall; this also suggests her desperation for some company. Suddenly, turning to the camera she talks to her self, engaging the audience in conversation, which makes them, feel more involved and a part of the play. In her monologue Shirley refers to her husband, e.g. Oh God! What will he be like, eh wall? My feller? What will he be like when he finds out hes only gettin chips an egg for tea? this creates dramatic tension because the audience have not yet meet Shirleys husband and their relationship hasnt been defined. This also implies her lack of control in her life for she is stuck at home and her main goal is to please her husband.The orientation of the play is arranged in flash ba cks to convey Shirleys transformation clearly. This is shown in the flashbacks, when she was young and she was moving into their house with Joe Shirley dips her brush in her can of paint and flicks it up at Joe suggesting that Shirley was playful and enjoyed life to its fullest with her husband Joe.Then Shirley is seen in a pub with her friends in her thirties; these are shown as stories of parts of her life. Russell shows Shirley as she talks to the wall, she expresses all her emotions and feelings to it, she treats it as if its a person, which amplifies her loneliness. The flashback technique is uses to make the audience empathise with Shirleys situation.Theyre fascinated by sex. Well, I suppose Id have been the same if Id been born in their generation mind you it was different in my days. This quote shows Shirleys fascination in sex and her desire for more in hers and Joes sex life. Also it shows her longing for her young life. The decline of their marriage is easily traceable th rough the flashback of Shirley from her thirties talking about sex to her friends as she speaks to the camera very humorously, Joe I said, have you ever heard of clitoris? He didnt even look up from his paper, yah he said, but it doesnt go as well as the ford cortina. This shocking little joke reinforces Shirleys unhappiness in her sex life. Shirley and Joes lack of sex life in their relationship portrays their gap in communication, which shows their relationship to be dreary and mundane.As the flashbacks end, she begins to cut the potatoes, as she does so she looks at the wall and says I do miss them the kidsdont I wall? Theres only me an him nowwell, he walked in one night with a smile on his face an I didnt recognise him this shows her need for company once the children were gone and the distance in their relationship. This is because looking after the kids made both of them busy with their every day life that they had less time for each other. Shirley and Joes life have been wre cked and their relationship has fallen apart. Remember that wall? He used to love me because I was a nutcase.This quote suggests there past relationship, the fact that Joe loved Shirley for her nuttiness showed how deeply in love with each other they were, but as time went by, their relationship became a compromise. Russell then goes back to show the flash back of Shirley in her twenties as she and Joe have just moved into the house. The flashback shows their relationship in the beginning, their love and happiness being together, Joe used to express his feelings for Shirley, I love youShirley Valentine, this shows the great distance that has formed in their relationship, how their children and Joes work has become more important than their love for each other.Through out the flashbacks the audience is also able to view the changes that have occurred in Shirley since she was a teenager. Young Shirley had low self-esteem as her teachers often put her down. They had no hopes in her ach ievement because they thought she had no academic future ahead of her and that she wouldnt be able to achieve anything as she was from a working class family. This is one of the reasons Shirley had left her academic career at such a young age as no one had expectations from her and never encouraged her. This may be the same reason for Willy Russell leaving school at an early age.During the time when Russell was in school and when the screen play was written, people often stereotyped working class families of being underachievers because they didnt have as much money as others. An example of this is in the screenplay as Shirleys teachers have low expectancies of Shirley. The headmistress with rage pointing a shaking finger at young Shirley someone must have told you this shows that they underestimated Shirleys potential and gradually forced her to leave school and give up her education. However, students such as Marjorie were favoured and given more encouragement, because of their st atus, and the fact that shed had elocution lessons, just shows how Prejudice people were.As a teenager Shirley was a vicious rebel, young Shirley shrugs and drags on her cigarette, suggesting that she wasnt a model pupil, breaking school rules by smoking and other things like she was also a bully. She bullied Marjorie for being a teachers pet, but deep inside she really wanted to be like her. This implies to the audience that from an early age she wanted to be someone of value that people looked up to as their role model by doing well in her studies, but she had low self esteem which made her take a different path to her life. Shirley bullied Marjorie by pointing a knife at her and saying I can damage your health. This indicates that Shirley was jealous of Marjorie as she envied the way she was.It was ironic when Shirley found out that her role model Marjorie turned out to be high-class hooker, and the fact that Marjorie wanted to be like Shirley. As an adult Shirley shows only a sm all amount of the assertiveness then what she had as a teenager, being alone and forced to become a stereotypical housewife has sucked out her rebellious and lively nature. This shows a dramatic change of Shirleys life from a teenager to an adult. She is a more dull and responsible person due to having to look after her two children and becoming lonesome each day.By taking the decision to go to Greece it shows that Shirley wants to change to become content, so that she no longer has any problems, this has been her wish since childhood wanting to go on a voyage around the world, but it was never fulfilled because since she found Joe she hadnt got the chance to travel the world. You can see this by what Joe says to her suggestion, Well, Im telling you now, you can forget itThis directly addresses to the spectators that Joe was taking control over Shirleys life as she was not entitled to have a break. The reason why Shirley wanted to Greece is because she wanted to explore the world an d have a taste of different cultures. Also because she wanted to achieve her dream and get away from her depressing life.Russell contrasts the settings in Liverpool and in Greece. This emphasises and depicts the contrast in her emotions in the different places. An example; like the weather in Liverpool Shirleys life is also sluggish and drowsy. As she steps into the hot ground of Greece she is totally transformed. Like the weather in Greece she too has changed, as she looks very attractive even in her 40s because Costas was very fond of her. Shirley transformed herself as she changed back to her maiden name Shirley Valentine. This shows dramatic change in her attitude as she is going back to being the rebellious Shirley Valentine, and manages to find a purpose of a new life in less then two weeks. By changing her life Shirley becomes friendlier as she makes new friends like Costas as he becomes part of her life. She also becomes more confident, exuberant and vibrant.Shirley found it very difficult to cope with her surroundings when she first arrived in Greece. She was used to being lonesome instead of being surrounded by people. Shirley found herself a quiet place in the beach and was apparently talking to the rock. Even though she was alone she found it found it very relaxing I hardly recognise meself these days I love it here. This shows that Shirley is having fun even though shes alone because shes free. However, the fact that shes now talking to the rock shows that shes still deserted. Suddenly, she found herself a new life with Costas, as he made her feel special; he says Tonight, I make someones dream come true. The audience may feel that Costas is going is to be a significant part of her life. It seems Shirley also has a soft feeling for Costas because he asks her to go around the island with him and she agrees. During this trip both Shirley and Costas get into mischief as they get sexually attracted to each other.This scene in the screen play tells us that Shirley likes Costas because she wouldnt get physically attracted with him if she didnt like him. From Shirleys behaviour towards Costas there is a sense that Shirley likes Costas because he acts like Joe when they were first married and likes her the way she is as he kissed Shirleys Stretch marks. After having so much fun with Costas its time for Shirley to go back to the dull and depressing Liverpool. One of the reasons Shirley chose to stay in Greece is because she liked the idea of being free and explore the fun of life. Shirley feels that if she goes back to Liverpool who would care they wouldnt really miss me implies that Shirley really doesnt want to go back, as she likes the idea of living in Greece. She feels life for her in Liverpool is a waste as no one cares about her. Also in she doesnt have to be highly committed to something like her being a housewife.Shirley has changed so that her life is no longer dull and meaningless, a change in life has occurred, her attitu des and actions have also changed, like the ballad from the title sequence Shirley has transformed into a butterfly. Also now that Joe has joined her in Greece, the audience are left to wonder what would happen in the end, but there is a sense of calm and that there is a happy ending. For Shirley has given Joe a second chance and they are starting a new life. The fact that Joe cant recognise Shirley anymore because shes changed so much shows the drift in their relationship they have to work on. Moreover, it indicates how much Shirley has changed as she is unrecognisable, even to her own husband. But the calm sunset implies fulfilment on Shirleys behalf. Also at the end Shirley once more is the Shirley Valentine that she lost touch with, after she got married.In conclusion Shirleys Bradshaws transformation is huge as she changes her life from being a monotonous like the British weather into someone who is full of energy and optimistic like the bright sunny weather in Greece. By the e nd of the novel we see that Shirley is more amusing, entertaining and like the old Shirley valentine we used to know in the past. To bring this great change in her life many people were involved these include coasts, Gillian and Joe played a great part. The dramatic techniques used such as monologue, voice over and flash backs helps us to understand more about Shirleys feelings and desires as she directly addresses her thoughts to the audience. These forms of techniques help us to understand Shirley better as she pours out her cries and happiness.

Anselm

As a philosopher, Anselm is most often remembered for his attempts to prove the existence of God. Anselm presented the popular Ontological Argument. In this argument Anselm declares that God is that than which no greater can be thought. Anselm feels that that God exists as the source of all perfection. Anselm begins by stating that God is the greatest being we can possibly think of. When Anselm says this, it means that it is not possible to think of a being greater than God is. Anselm also says that if God is the greatest being he is referring to the fact that it would be impossible to imagine someone or something being greater than God is. Thus it would be impractical to say that God only exists in the mind because it is highly greater to exist in reality than it is to only exist in a persons mind. He believes that a perfect God must exist in reality. Otherwise God would not be completely perfect. Anselm feels that existence is perfect. He feels that part of Gods perfection is that he is one. Anselm also says that God has many characteristics that describe him. Among these being: self existing, divine, and eternal. This means that God depends on nothing else for his existence. Thus, his existence is forever. God can not stop existing. Anselm uses Gods definition to argue that God can not be thought not to exist. Not only is his existence a fact, but his non existence is impossible. The non-existence for all other being is possible, but when it comes to the non-existence of God, it is not possible. The argument for Gods existence is very much like the argument that it is impossible for one to believe that God does not exist. Anselms theory states that God is everything to everyone. I find this hard to believe because every individual has a different view of how he or she perceives God. Many different people have many different views o

Stratton's Snow Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stratton's Snow Making - Essay Example According to Rinella in September 2000, Vermont's Killington Ski Resort completed construction of a 1.8-mile pipeline for snowmaking. Killington had been locked into a decades-long battle with conservationists over the depleted status of Roaring Brook (13). In the winter â€Å" Stratton’s secrets of Snow Making† Rinella notes that the stream was anything but roaring; the ski area often sucked it down to a trickle (16). The new $5 million pipeline brings water from Woodward Reservoir in nearby Plymouth and supplies the resort with roughly 500 million gallons in a ski season, or more than twice what several other Vermont areas are allowed to withdraw from nearby streams. Several Vermont ski areas are grappling with complications over their snowmaking policies. Managers at the Sugarbush Resort complain that they can't compete with other resorts due to the limited water allotment. Similar concerns over water allotments prompted Stratton Mountain, another Vermont resort, to build a storage pond. That pond and a nearby lake supply Stratton with 222 million gallons of water during the ski season. "That's enough to cover every trail at the resort with two feet of snow,( â€Å"qtd, in†Frosters, 23). Frosters say "Stratton's snowmaking has been limited by temperatures, not water" (24).

Marketing Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Across Cultures - Essay Example The company has grown to become a major player in the industry and has been recognized for the excellence in its overall products as well as service. Here this report aims at developing a plan for the company to introduce a new product into the well established markets of Canada. The report will provide a detailed marketing plan for the introduction of the new product into the markets. Before moving into the explanation, a brief overview of the marketing audits has been discussed. Marketing Audits: Before moving into the actual marketing plan, it is crucial to gain a clear idea on the main elements of the marketing plan. These are as explained below. Main Elements of Market Planning: Description of the Markets: A very important aspect of every market plan is the basics like the demographics of the target market. Every strong marketing plan requires having a set of descriptions like age, sex, profession, income level and so on (Rudelius, 2008). Competitors: Learning and understanding the competition of any business is a must to have a strong marketing plan. ... These help the company gain an upper hand in the markets and also help in improving the overall Marketing Budget: Budgeting is also an essential element of all marketing budgets as it allows a controlled spending on advertising, promotions, and all factors including the advertisements and promotions (Peter & Donnelly, 2002). Pricing Strategy: Another essential element of a marketing plan is the pricing strategy to be adopted by the company (Kotler & Keller, Marketing Management, 2008). It is important to include aspects like the price lining, material costs, overhead costs and so on to ensure correct pricing of the products or services. Marketing Plan: I. Statement of the Marketing Goal: The main of the marketing plan here is to introduce a new product into the already stable Canadian market. Here the aim is to introduce the Pizza McPuff. This is a new product and has not been introduced into the Canadian markets. The product is only available in India currently. In order to do so th e following marketing plan report has been devised. II. Marketing Objectives for the Project The marketing objective of the project is to develop brand awareness, and also to build the awareness of the new product being offered by the company. Here the main objective is to ensure that the target markets of the company are aware of the new product and are also aware of the new quality of the new product being offered. III. Initial Research: McDonalds needs to conduct a detailed analysis of the kind of market that the company is dealing with and needs to gain a clear idea of the market place as well as the needs of the customers. Secondly, it is best to draw up a strategy that is customer driven and which helps make the customers feel fully understood (Gronroos, 1994). The next

Assignment3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment3 - Essay Example Sometimes, the concoction, instead of taking the condemned to a state of unconsciousness, merely paralyses them, with the person dying feeling the excruciating pain of their heart stopping, but unable to speak out because of their paralysis. If this is not torture, what is? We as a nation are firmly against torture, therefore, it is surprising that we are silent about the torture of our own people. The state-sponsored murder, as some people refer to capital punishment, leaves the door open for punishing the mentally disabled for their crimes. The recent case of Theresa Lewis’ execution in Virginia is testament to that. Not only was the woman borderline retarded, with an IQ of about 71, what is more, she was not even the one who carried out the killing. However, as the option of capital punishment was available, she was put to death. This is not in line with the ethics that we hold dear, and we should speak out against it. This is just talking about those who are, indeed, guilt y. What about the case of people who are convicted wrongfully? Our criminal justice system is not perfect. There are many flaws and often emotions involved in the case end up causing a bias. The police, if under pressure, have been known to look for scapegoats to protect their reputation. Consequently, someone innocent may not only be charged, but convicted of the crime as well. There have been many cases where evidence emerging later on proved that the conviction was wrongful. It is one thing to take someone’s freedom wrongfully, and quite another to take his or her life. The former is a travesty of justice too, however, a man wrongfully sent to prison can be set free. Can those mistakenly executed by the State have their lives back? Moreover, the lengthy appeal process that goes hand in hand with a sentence of death incurs a lot of expense on the exchequer. Millions of tax dollars, that you and I pay, are spent in the appealing and re-appealing process. A sentence of life i mprisonment can save the public exchequer money, as it does not involve such a lengthy appeal procedure. Though those who favor death penalty talk about a deterrent effect of the capital punishment, yet research shows that such a view is oversimplified. There is no way that only one factor effects the rate of crime in any community. There are various social and economic factors that go along with a society’s rate of murder, and the death penalty is not one of them. What is more, countries where the death penalty has been abolished have lower crime rates than those States of our country where it is still practiced. Ask any of those supporters if they are willing to condemn a person to death by serving on a death-penalty jury, and I am sure you will see reluctance as well as unwillingness. Ours is the only Western nation, and other than Japan, the only developed country to allow and implement such a barbaric punishment. The European Union law has completely abolished the death penalty, and it is a shame that though as a nation uphold ideals based on human ideals and human rights, allow a cruel and unusual way to punish our own. That we allow this barbarity to be done on a State level is a slight to our civilization. All of us should unite in speaking out against this torturous punishment. We should write to our Congressman or

Relationship Between Nubia and Egypt

Relationship Between Nubia and Egypt Art 327: Egyptian Art Dr. Sara Orel November 20, 2014 Throughout the history of ancient Egypt, Egypt had been in contact with numerous cultures near and far from their home. Each of those cultures provided some sort of contact and relationship; whether that was political or economic or even as an enemy. One culture in particular, Nubia (later known as the Kushites with the development of the Kingdom of Kush) had been in contact and had a relationship with Egypt since as early as the first century B.C. The term ‘Nubia’ is defined as a geographic region located in the northeast corner of Africa. It straddles the Nile River and is sometimes referred to in two parts, according to the flow of the river, Lower Nubia in the North and Upper Nubia in the South.[1] For upper Nubia, the most common term was Kush. Kush was located in what is now known as Nubia, near the third cataract in ancient times. The relationship between Egypt and Nubia as stated in the beginning was mainly trade and at times dealt with military aspects. However, as time progressed the relationship became more complex. It had changed depending on the political and economic climate of the time. To the Egyptians, the Nubians represented a trading partner, an enemy, a military asset, a conquered colony, and at times a conqueror. The beginning contact or relationship was not as complex as the end. The Nubians relied on their northern neighbor for some time. However towards the twentieth century that relationship soon changed. Egypt had control over Nubia for nearly five-hundred years. However, towards the twentieth century Egypt lost control due to the decline of the Egyptian government at the end of Ramses II. That lost control would be devastating to Egypt due to the gold deposits found in Nubia and opened up the door for Libyans to take control. However, it would give chance to Nubia to make a stance and take control themselves. The relationship between Egypt and Nubia changed drastically in the years from 750-730 BC when the Kingdom of Kush and the Nubian prince, Piankhy (also known as Piye) pushed northward to capture Egypt from Libyan control and establish their capital at Thebes. Just as a note, King Piankhy of Dynasty XXV reigned in Nubia for nearly thirty-one years (747-716 BC). We have archaeological evidence pointing to this through a large granite stela known as the ‘Victory Stela of Piy’ found in 1862 at Gebel Barkal in the Temple of Amun at Napata.[2] The stela measures 1.80 meters by 1.84 meters. It is inscribed on all four sides, with a total of 159 lines of hieroglyphs.[3] It now currently resides in the Cairo Museum. The relief at the top shows Amun enthroned on the left with Mut standing behind him and Piankhy before him. It is a narration of Piye’s conquest of all of Egypt. [4] It is much like the New Kingdom Annals of Thutmosis III in factualness but is much more vivid. It paints the portrait of a Nubian king who was â€Å"forceful, shrewd, and generous†.[5] â€Å"Hear what I did, exceeding the ancestors, I the King, image of god, Living likeness of Atum! Who left the womb marked as ruler, Feared by those greater than he! His father knew, he mother perceived: He would be ruler from the egg, The Good God, beloved of gods, The son of Re, who acts with his arms, Piye beloved-of-Amun.†[6] Piye always meant to rule Egypt but he had preferred treaties over warfare, unlike his later adversary the Assyrians. It states that he was extremely pious and especially devoted to Amun. Egyptians rather welcomed the Nubian prince, preferring him over the Libyans, scholars attest this to the cultural similarities between Egypt and Nubia and also the physical similarities as well. The Nubians ruled from Nubia to as far as the Delta, they portrayed themselves not with the Egyptian crown with one cobra uraeus but with two cobras. Nubian rule over Egypt was short lived, lasting less than a hundred years. The end came with an attack by the Assyrians, pushing them further south and relocating their capital from Thebes to Meroe. The Nubian rule was succeeded by a vigorous Egyptian dynasty coming from Sais in the XXVI dynasty. During this time the Egypt was rebuilt as a strong centralized and prosperous state.[7] The relations with Nubia at this time were at first peaceful, but in 592 BC, Psamtik II attacked Nubia and claimed a victory. However, he did not gain control. What prompted this attack is still not known, but is recorded on the ‘Victory Stela of King Psamtik II’ and is viewed by many as an act of revenge when Nubia controlled Egypt. â€Å"The troops your majesty sent to Nubia have reached the hill-country of Pnubs. It is a land lacking a battlefield, a place lacking horses. The Nubians of every hill-country rose up against him, their hearts full of rage against him. His attack took place, and it was misery for the rebels. His majesty has done a fighter’s work.† [8] The relationship between Nubia and Egypt remained strained with the Saite power in Egypt but improved in the Ptolemaic period with the Meroitic Kingdom. There were, as usual, times of trouble between the two nations during this period. There was one occasion were the Meroites invaded Egypt in the upper kingdom. However, trade between Egypt and Nubia appeared to have increased considerably. [9] The wealth and stimulation from this trade helped initiate a cultural renaissance in the Meroitic heartland with the border remaining near Maharraqa in the middle of Lower Nubia.[10] The cooperation between the two is symbolized in the temples at Dakka and Philae. As time went on, the relationship between the two continued until around 350 AD when the Axumite Kingdom attacked and completely destroyed the Meroe Kingdom. After this time Nubia became a Christian nation. From the beginning contact to the end, the relationship between Nubia and Egypt was very complex. The contact and relationship between the two always seemed to go back and forth from a peaceful relationship to one with hostility. However complex their relationship was, Egypt and Nubia both developed through political, economic, and cultural means depending on who held power at the time. It is no secret that Nubia played an important, however brief, in Egyptian history. What we know of them largely comes from the texts and inscriptions from Egyptians. However, with excavations still being pursued in Nubia there is still much to be discovered. Works Cited BBC. The Story of Africa: Nile Valley. 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section3.shtml accessed November 15, 2014. Harkless, Necia Desiree. Nubian Pharaohs and Meroitic Kings: The Kingdom of Kush. Bloomington: Author House, 2006 Lacovara, Majorie Fisher and Peter. Ancient Nubia: African Kingdom on the Nile. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2012. Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature: The Late Period. Vol. 3. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980. Redford, Donald B. From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. Shubert, Steven Blake. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient. Edited by Kathryn A. Bard. London: Routledge, 2005. Smith, Stuart Tyson. Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypts Nubian Empire. London: Routledge, 2003. Trigger, Bruce G. New Light on the History of Lower Nubia. Anthropologica (Canadian Anthropology Society) 10, no. 1 (1968): 81-106. Accessed 13 November 2014. url http://www.jstor.org/stable/25604760. [1] Majorie Fisher and Peter Lacovara, Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile, (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press) 5. [2] Donald B. Redford, From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt, (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press) 101. [3] Ibid, 101. [4] Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings, v.3, (Los Angeles: University of California Press) 66. [5] Ibid, 66. [6] Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings, v.3, (Los Angeles: University of California Press) 68. [7] Ibid, 66. [8] Ibid, 85. [9] Bruce G. Trigger, â€Å"New Light on the History of Lower Nubia†, Anthropologica (1968): 95, access 15 November 2014, url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25604760. [10] Ibid, 95.

Should Race be an Issue in Collge Admissions? Essay -- Persuasive Argu

Should Race be an Issue in Collge Admissions? One of the first questions that people ask me is â€Å"What country are you from?† I originally took this comment as an insult, but then saw that this comment came from the ignorance of people in my community who had seen very few Asians. Realizing that my peers were just curious about who I was lightened my tone and I began to laugh every time I got that question. For me it was hilarious that I could be mistaken from really being from another country. I am half Chinese and half Caucasian and was actually born in Alabama. My ethnicity has helped me in many ways though. It has helped to distinguish me from my peers and may have helped me get into college. Getting into college is a wonderful thing to experience and affirmative action has helped minority students get into colleges have this experience and education. Many minorities are not given the opportunity to better their standing in life and use of affirmative action in college admissions has opened a door for many of these people. Conservatives argue that affirmative action is not fair and that it is reverse discrimination. Liberals argue that without affirmative action our society would be unbalanced and diversity will deteriorate without it. Chang-Lin Tien is a Chinese immigrant who was Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley from 1990-1997. In his article â€Å"In defense of Affirmative Action,† Tien explains that he took on the debate on affirmative action because of his role as a professor in higher education and his experience as an immigrant. He states that, â€Å" I had seen the promise of affirmative action come true†. He had also seen that â€Å"through daily interaction in classrooms, laboratories, and... ...ave emerged on top and it has been these minorities who have suffered from lack of opportunity. Without someone there to help pull them up, minorities will stay near the bottom of education. Whites will argue that is they are determined enough they will be able to succeed. The counter of that is that a person will only try so many times without hope. When you have been continuously been told that you won’t amount to much one either stands up and rebels against this thought or accepts it as a truth. Many minorities have been told for years that they are not capable of being successful and they take it in stride because that is the way they are accustomed to. Minorities need a push to help themselves out. It may seem unfair to the white conservatives, but if minorities are not shown preference now, when will the deep problems of racial division ever be solved?

The Shark Net

What we, as individuals, perceive to be real; to actually exist, is both objective and subjective. Everyone’s perception of realism varies greatly; from friend to friend, neighbour to neighbour and even from parent to child. It is this perception of an individual’s reality that ultimately defines who they become. To define a person, it is often said that we should analyse their behaviour, as it is their behaviour that reflects their state of reality. A person’s behaviour may depend on their surroundings; the era in which they live, their social interactions or even their physical environment.The era in which they grew up, for instance, will adversely reflect on an individual by default as society forces their morals and beliefs of what is right – what is reality, onto them. There was once a time where it was the norm for women to take on and settle into their role as a housewife, and for men to go to work and be the sole provider of a family. Now, women ha ve just as many expectations placed onto them career wise as men, and as a result, in general, women come off as more confident and independent as compared to being submissive and unsure, as was the case back in the day.Their behaviour clearly shows that their sense of reality has changed as society has progressed. In Robert Drewe’s memoirs, The Shark Net, he retells of his being dragged along to the sermon of evangelical Billy Graham, by his mother. Despite the pressure placed on him by his family, to conform to a life free from religious sin, sex and adultery, he rebels. Quite often is Drewe home late after liaisons with various females. His behaviour reflects a reality quite different to that of his Christian mother, a woman who he has been brought up by since birth.In this case, it is his rebelious behaviour that defines his perception of reality as a result of his relationship with his mother. But why did Drewe desire so greatly to rebel? The move from Melbourne to Perth was a substantial one for Drewe. He went from the â€Å"frosty lawns and trimmed hedges† of an urban, cosmopolitan city to â€Å"the most isolated city in the world,† what was essentially, in comparison, a desert. As a result, just as the people of London vary from the people of New York, Drewe encountered a whole new type of people.To rebel against his mother meant to conform to the people of Perth, as he wished so desperately to fit in, whereas his mother wished to be in control. The controlling nature of his mother contrasts to that of Drewe in his wish to embrace the unknown. The unknown being what was now, in fact, the reality of living in Perth. Drewe’s mother, Dorothy, is unable to accept this new truth, as it nullifies her prior beliefs. However, for Drewe, the reality is clear, succinct and remarkably self-explanatory.This results in the way unto which the two respective individuals inevitably turn out, as it gives a clear indication of the ways in whi ch they behave. What is interesting to note is that memory and reality are interdependent of one another. A person’s reality can be based upon memories, but these memories can be selective depending on a current sense of reality. Memories also falter, and hence, the selectiveness and reliability of Drewe’s memory comes into question. Was he biased in his representation of himself in his youth in comparison to his mother, for instance? Was his mother really the control freak he made her out to be?In the same way, in the study of history, when analysing a primary or secondary source, the reliability of the author is always considered, noted and expanded upon, as it may give an inaccurate representation of depicted events – it may not portray the reality of the situation; what really went on. As Chuck Palahniuk writes in Fight Club, â€Å".. you're not how much money you've got in the bank. You're not your job. You're not your family, and you're not who you tell y ourself†¦. † but you are, who you behave to be. So one must ask what is responsible for their behaviour in order to fully understand the definition of their individual reality.

College Essay Help

College Essay Help College Essay Help Can style be taught? Style is your way of writing - the expression of your personality as an essay writer. Style can also be defined as writing that expresses or carries the voice of the author without which essay writing is dead. Sometimes, the style of college essay writer's is so strong that the tutor can recognize it without knowing the identity of the author. Many students ask whether essay style can be taught. In at least one fundamental sense, essay style is elusive in much the same way as rhythm or good taste or passion is elusive. Every student possesses his own writing style; however, not every student is able to write a good essay.College essays are interesting to write, however, college essay writing is a challenge. We hope that the below tips and other articles under this section will help you learn something useful about writing college essay. College Essay Online There are two cardinal rules to improve and develop college essay writing style: by writing (regular writing) by developing an awareness of the style of others (reading and studying the essays of others) Read the following specific strategies for developing your own college essay writing style: expose yourself to things you want to write about read widely (not just one author) mark passages that please you and reread them, noting why they please you underscore the good figures of speech, count their frequency and taste their flavor Ordering college essay online, an experienced writer will adjust his own writing style to meet the requirements of your tutor. In addition, placing an order at .com, you are welcome to upload a sample of your writing and our writer will definitely take it into account. College essay help we provide is of high academic standard. We deliver only custom written college essays and we are never late with delivery: College Essay Help Prior to writing college essay, examine the below principles of style. aim for simplicity avoid trite phrases and cliches use figures of speech appropriately avoid euphemisms, slang and colloquialisms choose your words carefully (seek the right word; avoid rare and difficult words) avoid repeating key words (unless for emphasis or effect) avoid redundancy use alliteration keep sentences as short as possible develop a feel for rhythm be original is your chance to get a college essay help of truly high academic level. We have developed an advance plagiarism detecting system and provide free plagiarism report to prove authenticity of your college essay. Read more: Analysis Case Studies Editing Paper Term Malayalam Essays Literary Essay Hamlet Essay on Poverty

Case Study EasyJet Essays

Case Study EasyJet Essays Case Study EasyJet Essay Case Study EasyJet Essay Essay Topic: Easy Marketing This report will consist of an analysis of EasyJets macro and micro marketing environment. Macro-environmental factors include; political, economical, social and technological changes to the environment, i.e. the external marketing environment. The micro-environmental factors on the other hand include groups of people directly affected by the companys decision; for example; stakeholders, competitors, intermediaries and customers, i.e. the internal marketing environment. Using these I will then go on to conduct a SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis will enable me to look EasyJets strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and in turn allow me make strategic recommendations for the future. In order to help do this, the report will be based on collected and analysed data about EasyJet and will look in depth and analyse what this means to Tesco as a European conglomerate. Background to EasyJet EasyJet was launched in November 1995 by a Greek called Haji-Ioannou with a fleet of two Boeing 737-300 flying from London to Glasgow and Scotland. Today it operates with 72 aircraft, offering 125 routes from 39 European destinations. The defining way that EasyJet was able to establish itself into such a successful airline is largely due to its base concept of offering a low cost, no-frills service. It believed that as the demand for short-haul air transport was price-elastic, reducing prices would mean more people would fly. This might be a reason why EasyJet was able to undercut its rivals as traditionally airline concepts are based on the fact that airline traffic grows in line with the economy and that cutting prices will only lead to a decrease in revenues. EasyJets revenue in 1998 was  £77 million and in 2006 this figure had risen to 1,619.7 i(easyJet.com) EasyJet keeps costs low by eliminating the unnecessary costs and frills associated with traditional airlines. This is don e by through numerous methods: use of the internet to reduce distribution costs, maximise the utilisation of substantial assets, ticketless travel, no free lunch, efficient use of airports and paperless operations. Easyjet.com is the main brand name ii(keynote.com) and its mission statement is To provide our customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services. To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes. To achieve this we will develop our people and establish lasting relationships with our suppliers. (easyjet.com) EasyJet is now the UKs leading low-cost airline and the second-largest in Europe after Ryanair. It continues to facilitate its strategy of growth, for example, with the addition of the Airbus and GB airways at a cost of  £103.5 million iii(news.bbc.co.uk), currently it looks like it will just go from strength to strength? EasyJets external marketing environment (STEP analysis) In order to conduct a STEP analysis, firms need to review the environment in which they operate. The following factors play a major role in the airline industry today i.e. political-legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological. Social Factors Whilst being a dominant low-cost airline, and the second largest in Europe, EasyJet has not won over all members of the public. Currently the French and German community are proving a problem. This is because there is a general reluctance to use credit cards over the phone and Internet. (Hattee J. (2000).) Currently 95% of all tickets are sold over the internet iv(easyJet.com). The idea of cheap flights generally appeals to the public. However, the promotion of prices through for example newspapers and Teletext that are unrepresentative of the actual cost on another day/time, are likely to deter or antagonise customers. It has actually been in the news recently that airlines such as EasyJet should only advertise prices that show the actual cost i.e. includes all taxes etc, a ploy used before to draw in customers. Technological Factors EasyJet is faced with balancing technological advancements, for example, the use of the internet on distribution and cost synergies from industry consolidation, and the risk of rising costs and competitive pricing. EasyJet was one of the first airlines to embrace the opportunity of the Internet when it sold its first seat online in April 1998. Now approximately 95 % of all seats are sold over the Internet, making easyJet one of Europes biggest Internet retailers. v(easyjet.com) Technological developments in the field of e-commerce and aircraft manufacture are vital in allowing EasyJet to maintain an advantage over its competitors. EasyJet now offers paperless operations as the management and administration of the company is undertaken entirely on IT systems which can be accessed through secure servers anywhere in the world enabling huge flexibility in the running of the airline. Also passengers instead of receiving tickets now get emails containing there travel details and booking reference online. This has greatly reduced the costs of issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year. vi(easyJet.com) Economic Factors There are likely to be increases in fuel costs, congestion and other environmental restrictions. The risk of terrorism is likely to have an impact on insurance costs i.e. they will go up and the system of security implemented i.e. much greater/more alert. Globalisation should continue to boost traffic in the long-term and the introduction of the single currency in Europe is likely to bring more business to EasyJet as Europe becomes more integrated. Stelios Haji-Ioannou, the founder of low-cost airline easyJet, believes that the euro has reduced the currency risks of running a business in Europe and that must lower costs and hence prices for consumers. vii( www.time.com) Political-legal Factors The political environment concerns the role of the government and the extent to which it intervenes in an economy. Political issues, such as the threat of ongoing war in the Middle East, and more recently issues in South America have driven up oil prices. They have also been going up due to the threat of a cold winter. As a result this reflects on the cost of aviation fuel. Whilst these political factors have a direct impact on the economy, such as increasing fuel costs, increased congestion, environmental restrictions, higher security, and insurance, they are intrinsically linked with social-cultural effects i.e. impacting upon the attitudes towards air travel. Due to terrorist attacks such as September 11th, airlines such as British airways have stopped flights to certain countries (particularly in the middle- east), in fear of another attack. This has had a domino effect whereby it has caused a political stir, with Britains believing that they maybe the next victims of a terrorist attack. Airlines have lost a lot of money as they are no longer going to certain destinations. I believe the implication of certain security measures have also had an influential effect on customers. As ordered by the Transportation Security Administration, new security screening went into effect due to the foiled British terror attacks. The primary restriction was the carrying-on of liquids or gels including beverages, shampoos, sun tan lotions, toothpaste and hair gel. Passengers were permitted to have baby formula and/or breast milk, prescription medicine with a name matching that of the traveller, and non-prescription medicines. Any beverages purchased past the security checkpoint must be consumed prior to boarding any aircraft. Philip Fanara, Jr., Ph.D. CFA, from the department of finance, insurance, and international business, expresses his view that airlines may lose some customers due to the new regulations being an inconvenience. viii(www.thehilltoponline.com) EasyJets internal marketing environment Competitive analysis EasyJet faces stiff competition from airlines such as Ryanair, BMIbaby, MyTravelLite and Buzz. Virgin Express, Hapag Lloyd Express, Germanwings and Air Berlin already are or might become competitors as a result of future expansion plans. Ryanair (EasyJets main competitor) is the only one of these companies so far to have succeeded and shown a continuous annual profit. In September 2006 it made  £235 million and in September 2007 the figure had risen to 291 million, a 24% increase. ix(www.ryanair.com) Suppliers EasyJet currently has two suppliers, Boeing and Airbus. An important part of easyJets strategy is to operate a modern fleet and based on the current business model, requires easyJet to acquire a significant number of further aircraft whilst achieving a low total fleet operating cost. Between 2003 and 2007 there were 12 aircraft deliveries under the Boeing contract. However, 120 aircraft deliveries were made under the Airbus contract in this same period. x(www.easyjet.com) Airbus was looked more favorably upon as it offered significantly better value than Boeing, the Airbus Contract enables it to purchase Airbus A319 aircraft at a price approximately a third per seat below the price for the Boeing 737-700 aircraft delivered to it under the Boeing Contract in August 2002. Other factors included fact that the Airbus had agreed to provide extensive support to the Company, especially with regard to training for easyJets pilots, cabin crew and maintenance personnel. Also, Airbus has put arrangements in place in keeping with low cost operation i.e. Airbus A319 aircraft maintenance will not exceed the cost of maintenance for its Boeing 737-700 aircraft. xi(EasyJet.com) Media The media have provided a link between the airline EasyJet and the public. Press releases portraying special deals and new routes available Im sure have proved beneficial to EasyJet in terms of attracting new customers. For example, deals of the week are advertised which are ideal for those on a budget who need some inspiration when looking for a holiday destination or for those looking for a last minute getaway at an affordable pricexii(www.easyjet.com) and also routes, easyJet to launch flights to Jersey!EasyJet, Europes leading low-fares airline, today announced it will launch two new routes to Jersey from Liverpool and London Luton next spring, with daily flights commencing on 31 March and 21 April respectively. xiii(www.easyjet.com) Press is generally good for EasyJet. Environmentalists With the number of flights leaving the UK set to double or triple by 2030, environmentalists have put airlines at the centre of the debate on global warming, a development that could lead to restrictions being imposed on the industry. The Conservatives have unveiled their `Greener Skies proposals. Among the suggestions are the introduction of VAT on fuel for domestic flights and higher tax rates for frequent flyers. xiv(www.keynote.co.uk) Customers Travel is now a priority for todays consumers, however the youth market needs addressing. The outlook for consumer expenditure looks extremely healthy, which will continue to sustain leisure spending. With holidays and additional short breaks now the UKs top two expenditure priorities (23% and 22% respectively), this multiple trip culture has become so ingrained that it will require a major downturn to change this. In Mintels Holiday Lifestyles Responsible Tourism UK, Leisure Horizons January 2007, some 22% of respondents stated that even the disappearance of low fares would fail to change their habits. The 25-44-year-olds are currently the core low-cost market and despite the budget connotations, the no-frills market is actually driven by the wealthier socio-economic groups splashing out on multiple trips.xv(http://academic.mintel.com)

Research and analyse Google company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research and analyse Google company - Essay Example Beyond the founders, Google has diverse stakeholders. The stakeholders influence the decisions of the organization significantly. Stakeholders of the organization experience a set of positive and negative ramifications in their positions (Morrow, 2013). Therefore, the stakeholders have both benefits and challenges posed by the organization. Stakeholders of this organization entail users, investors, and employees (Morrow, 2013). These are the key stakeholders of the Google organization. Users are key stakeholders in Google. Google has a huge amount of users due to its diversity of services. The company provides diverse programs, tools, and information for the benefit of users (Morrow, 2013). In this case, the diversity expands the number of users in the company. This organization records a huge number of users that exceeds a total of a billion. Google has a set of positive effects towards the users. Each user benefits significantly from the information disseminated by Google (Morrow, 2013). The advertisements, research, and scholarly details facilitate the knowledge and awareness of each user. Programs and tools in Google enhance the technological expertise of the users (Morrow, 2013). The programs and tools also enhance convenience of communication amongst the users (Morrow, 2013). Evidently, Google users have maximum benefit from the company’s provisions. ... Investors are also key stakeholders of Google (Morrow, 2013). The company has outstanding benefits towards the investors. In the past year, the company raised an total of 14.4billion in its revenue (Morrow, 2013). This is a 36% growth of the company, after the culmination of the previous year. Definitely, investors benefit from the massive financial rewards from the company. However, investors cannot predict the progress of the organization due to the rampant social change that initiates shifts in users’ preferences (Morrow, 2013). Competition is already emerging from companies that offer the same services as Google. Nevertheless, Google is kept secure as it records an aggregate of 86% of satisfied customers in the modern society (Morrow, 2013). Employees are key stakeholders in Google (Morrow, 2013). They influence decision making in the organization (Morrow, 2013). Employees in Google benefit from the company’s capability to reward and motivate them. Google offers inc entives that motivate the loyalty of the workforce (Morrow, 2013). Each employee in Google is motivated to serve the organization. Despite this fact, employees in Google have been resigning rampantly (Morrow, 2013). The past year resignations are attributed to extreme bureaucracy within the organization. Therefore, Google employees are negatively affected by bureaucracy (Morrow, 2013). Evidently, every stakeholder in Google experiences a set of benefits and challenges simultaneously. Google is a major organization in the globe. â€Å"Its operations in the USA entail massive usage of electricity† (Whelan, 2008). Therefore, Google consumes an immense proportion of that aggregate electricity in the USA. This organization has been in operation for

MS Project and Critical Path Analysis (1 Day Training Program for Essay

MS Project and Critical Path Analysis (1 Day Training Program for Level 6 UG Students) - Essay Example The report outlines the training content and other resources as per initial requirements communicated by Mr. Smart. The program specifically focuses on using MS Project and CPA in Project Management Methodology. Project Management Ltd. (PML) has been invited to prepare the project management plan for Big Idea Ltd. The project is a one day training program on ‘project management and the use of MS Project and Critical Path Analysis (CPA)’ for level 6 undergraduate students. The project plan, including costing, marketing and controlling will need to be incorporated in the report. Big Ideas Ltd. has approached us to prepare the plan for the one day training program and requires us to be associated on it throughout the project life cycle, from doing the feasibility study to completion of the project. Although, the company has started the feasibility study for the project, it requires PML to start from this stage of the project. The project is a one day training program aimed at level 6 undergraduate students of all universities. It is intended to teach the students the importance and use of MS Project and the Critical Path Analysis (CPA) in Project Management. As students are set to enter the professional world after college, their knowledge and skills at Project Management tools and techniques would be handy in carrying out their day-to-day management and reporting activities easily. Defining project requirements Big Ideas Ltd. expects the consulting team from PML to carry out the following tasks: a. Define the team’s approach to developing the plan using the Project Life Cycle; b. Develop a scope statement; c. Outline the main themes for the training day, with a brief statement of each presentation; d. Develop a work breakdown structure and explain it; e. Include a suitable team structures for each phase of the project; f. Estimate time and cost durations of activities both before and on the day; g. Construct a Gantt chart to determine the base line cost and duration of the project and analyse it; h. Provide a process for monitoring and controlling the project; i. Construct an outline project risk register; j. Conduct a Stakeholder Analysis of the project; and k. Provide a recommendation. Definition of project management Firstly, we define what project management is and its scope. â€Å"Project management is concerned with the overall planning and co-ordination of a project from conception to completion aimed at meeting the stated requirements and ensuring completion on time, within cost and to required quality standards. It is normally reserved for focused, non-repetitive, time-limited activities with some degree of risk and that are beyond the usual scope of operational activities for which the organization is responsible.† (Project Management (1.7 ProjectManagement.pdf), 2012). Project management includes the managing of resources, time, schedule and performance and costs of a project.